Population-Based Democracy Vs. Area-Based Democracy-(Part Seven) Separation Of Powers in the Two Federal Houses of a Bicameral Legislature

Population-Based Democracy Vs. Area-Based Democracy-(Part Seven) Separation Of Powers in the Two Federal Houses of a Bicameral Legislature

Voters have the responsibility to understand that in a Representative Democracy, both Population-Based and Area-Based democratic models are needed. In federal Congress, the House Of Representatives is population based and the US Senate is area based. 

This means in a bicameral legislature, each house has to have different roles and responsibilities. Granted, approval from both houses are needed to pass or repeal legislation. However, that is and should be the only same practice of the two houses (lower and upper). 

All prospective legislation for domestic purposes has to originate in the lower house (House Of Representatives). All prospective legislation that deal with all foreign matters, including ratification of treaties, should be approved by the upper house (The U.S. Senate) with a simple majority. Presently a 2/3rds majority of U.S. Senators for treaties with foreign entities is required as cited in the U.S. Constitution. The reason for this needed change is simple. The federal government became the sovereign government authority in the aftermath of the American Civil War. This change was designed to make the federal government much more effective and act with much more unison in implementing both foreign and even domestic policy. Therefore ratification of any treaties with foreign entities, should only require approval by a simple majority of the U.S. Senate, provided quorum limits are met. 

The power of impeachment of any federal official shall belong to the lower house (House Of Representatives). The power of trial shall belong to the upper house (The U.S. Senate). A 2/3rds majority is required to convict any federal officeholder, provided quorum limits are met. 

The power of taxation shall originate with the lower house (House Of Representatives). If a foreign matter necessitates a special need for taxation, then that prospective legislation can be allowed to originate from the U.S. Senate. 

All confirmation of prospective cabinet officials and of federal court and supreme court judges is to be provided by the US Senate (upper house). The preceding responsibility is stated as such in the US Constitution. 

Cliff Notes Version: Since the House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate are based on different democratic models, their roles and responsibilities must be different as well.

The only practice they should do together is make and pass legislation. Domestic legislation should originate from the lower house while foreign matters should originate from the upper house.

Impeachment should be by the lower house while the upper house should have the ability to convict with 2/3rds majority. 

Tax and revenue matters originate the lower house (House of Representatives). All confirmation of prospective cabinet officials and of federal court and supreme court judges is to be provided by simple majority of the US Senate (upper house).