Needed Changes in the 12th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution-Part Seven By Harsha Sankar

Needed Changes in the 12th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution-Part Seven

In case the electors fail to choose the VPOTUS, a quorum of two-thirds of all members of the House Of Representatives should be needed in order for any selection of a Vice-Presidential candidate to be lawfully validated. If this quorum is not achieved or if a majority of the entire number of House Representatives is unable to choose the Vice-President out of the Top Two elector vote-getting candidates, then the President Pro Tempore of the U.S. Senate becomes Acting Vice-President. The reason why this specific officeholder would serve as Acting Vice-President is because he/she has no interactions with both the electors and the House Of Representatives.

The next newly selected President pro tempore would serve as the Acting Vice-President for the remainder of the term. 

Cliff Notes Version: If the electors fail to choose the VP, then the House Of Representatives will. If the House Of Representatives fails, then the newly selected President pro tempore becomes the Acting VP. 

Needed Changes in the 12th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution-Part Six By Harsha Sankar

Needed Changes in the 12th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution-Part Six

Because the US Constitution shifted sovereignty from the states to the federal government, the positions of President and Vice-President gained unprecedented authority. The Founding Fathers did not intend both these positions to be as powerful as the 14th Amendment made it to be. However, the Lincolnites who won the Civil War had other ideas. They wanted a strong central government as nationalism was sweeping across the Western World.

Correctly or incorrectly, America has become a "Top-Down Society". Due to this, the President and Vice-President should not run on the same ticket. They should be selected by a different set of electors and their electors should be chosen in a different manner. Otherwise too much centralization of authority will be placed on one ticket if the President and Vice-President run together.

A different set of electors should choose the Vice-President. Moreover the Vice-Presidential electors should be chosen in a different manner as the Vice-Presidential position is quite different than the Presidential position. The Vice-President, unlike the President, is supposed to be much more involved in lawmaking than in administration. According to the U.S. Constitution, the role of the Vice-President is not supposed to be just ceremonial.

The 12th Amendment should be changed to reflect this preceding as the 14th Amendment has changed the nation in 1868. Since the center of government authority was shifted to the federal government in Washington D.C., the 12th Amendment needs to be altered so that there is Separation Of Powers between the President and Vice-President. Checks and Balances are needed between those two officeholders so it is imperative that certain divisions are made.

If the simple majority of Vice-Presidential electors are unable to choose the winner of the Vice-President race, then the simple majority of members of the House of Representatives chooses the Vice-President from the field of Top Two elector vote-getting candidates.

Due to the fact that the Vice-Presidential position is based on the Area-Based Democratic Model, the federal lower house, which is based on the Population-Based Democratic Model, must choose the winning candidate if the electors are unable to do so. The method of cross-verification is needed for the choosing of head executives for the purposes of checks and balances. If each head executives are chosen off the same Democratic Model that the federal legislators who do the choosing are based on, too much power would be centralized in a specific mode. This would make the VPOTUS too "Imperial Democratic" or the POTUS too "direct democratic".

Cliff Notes Version: Since sovereignty was transferred from the state governments to the federal governments, different electors are needed for President and Vice-President. The Presidential electors should also be chosen in a different manner than the Vice-Presidential electors.

If the electors cannot choose the Vice-President, the majority of all the members of the House of Representatives must then be given the task to do just that out of the field of the two elector vote getting candidates. This is because the Vice-Presidential position, unlike the federal lower house, is based on the Population-Based Democratic Model.

If the electors cannot choose the President, the majority of all the members of the U.S. Senate must then be given the task to do just that since the Presidential position, unlike the federal upper house, is based on the Population-Based Democratic Model. The democratic models for the position of federal legislators should be different than the democratic models for the position of the individual whom these federal legislators choose as a specific head executive.

Needed Changes in the 12th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution-Part Five By Harsha Sankar

Needed Changes in the 12th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution-Part Five By Harsha Sankar

A quorum of two-thirds of all members of the U.S. Senate should be needed, in case POTUS electors fail to make the POTUS choice, in order for any selection of a Presidential candidate to be lawfully validated. If this is not achieved or if a majority of the whole number of U.S. Senators is unable to choose the President, then the recently chosen Vice-President serves as Acting President. The VPOTUS candidate who failed to initially get the selection by the specific federal legislative house (should be by the U.S. House of Representatives) should act as Vice-President Of The United States.

In case both the POTUS and VPOTUS are unable to serve, then the Speaker Of The House Of Representatives should serve as the Acting President. If that Speaker Of The House of Representatives is unable or unwilling to start the term as Acting President, then the newly selected President pro tempore of the U.S. Senate would be expected to start acting as President for the entire Presidential term. The law regarding line of succession, as established by the United States Code (3 USC 19), should be applied. If no chosen POTUS, VPOTUS, & SOTHUS in this line of succession is able and willing to start as Acting President, then this new President pro tempore should commence term as Acting President.

According to current federal law, The Acting President would choose an Acting Vice-President within a prompt period of time. This law should change as the Presidency and Vice-Presidency are far more powerful, more political, and more federal than it was when the U.S. Constitution was written. Therefore the President pro tempore of the U.S. Senate should start serving as Acting Vice-President if the Vice-Presidency is vacant while the term is still running.

If the recently chosen President pro tempore is required to start serving as Acting President, then the U.S. House of Representatives Assistant Speaker should start acting as Vice-President. If the Assistant House Speaker is unable or unwilling to start acting as Vice-President, then the latest replacement of the recently chosen President pro tempore of the U.S. Senate will fill the role as Acting Vice-President.

Once any term by the Acting Vice-President has started, if that Acting Vice-President (Acting President Of The Senate) can no longer continue in that capacity for any reason, then the current President pro tempore of the U.S. Senate will act as Vice-President.

Cliff Notes Version:

If the electors cannot choose the President, the Senate must then be given the task to do just that in lieu of the fact the Presidential position, unlike the federal upper house house, is based on a different based democratic model. Head executive positions are chosen via cross-verification. If a head executive position is based on one democratic model, another democratic model needs to be used to choose this position.

If the Senate majority cannot choose the President, then the chosen Vice-President acts as President. The law pertaining to the line of succession applies. If there is no Vice-President candidate willing or able to starting acting as President, then the Speaker Of The House Of Representatives will have to act as President. If the SOTHUS is neither willing or able to act as POTUS, then the recently selected President Pro Tempore will act as POTUS.

Under current law, the Acting President chooses the Acting Vice-President but this must change. The President pro tempore of the U.S. Senate must serve as Acting Vice-President if the Acting VPOTUS becomes POTUS. If the President pro tempore cannot start serving as Acting VP because he/she has been chosen as Acting President, then the U.S. House of Representatives Assistant Speaker will act as Vice-President. If the Assistant House Speaker is unable or unwilling to start acting as Vice-President, then the recently President pro tempore will fill the role as Acting Vice-President.

If an Acting VP must step down after starting his/her duties, the current President pro tempore of the U.S. Senate should assume that role.

Needed Changes in the 12th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution-Part Four By Harsha Sankar

When the US Constitution was put into effect, the only elected body in the federal legislature was the House Of Representatives. The U.S. Senate members were chosen by legislatures of the states in which they belong.

For over a century, the US Senate has been an elected body. Therefore there is no need for the House Of Representatives to choose the President in case the electors fail to do this choosing.

Since the Area Based Democratic Model is needed to elect the President, the U.S. Senate should be the elected body to choose the President since it is based on that model only.

One vote per state, with the majority of House Representatives deciding the state's choice for President, can be considered to be based on the Area Based Democratic Model. However this current practice really just replicates the current electoral voting practice to a large degree. The current practice of the members of the House Of Representatives choosing the President, in case the electors fail to do so, allocates one vote to each state. 

Even though the current electoral system provides more electoral votes to states that have larger populations, there is just too much similarity between the current model of choosing the POTUS and the prescribed method of choosing the POTUS in the event that electors fail to make that choosing. The U.S. Senate is based on a distinctly different democratic model. This elected body must be used to choose the President if the majority of electors are unable to choose the winning candidate. If one method based on one democratic model fails to secure the choosing for POTUS, then the alternative method to choose the POTUS should be based on a different democratic model.  

Cliff Notes Version: The members of the U.S. Senate, and not the members of the House Of Representatives with each state that they belong to having one vote, should choose the President Of The United States if the electors fail to do so.

Currently the House of Representatives chooses the President with each state that each Representative belongs to having one vote if the electors fail to make that choosing. That current practice is too similar to the current elector system.

If the elector system fails, then the next step in choosing the President must be based on a distinctly different democratic model. Since the elector system can be considered Population Based, the next step in making this choosing must be Area Based. This means the members of the U.S. Senate must then be allowed to choose the President if the electors fail to make the choosing. 

Needed Changes in the 12th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution-Part Three By Harsha Sankar

Needed Changes in the 12th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution-Part Three 

When the US Constitution was written, states were ceded much more independent authority than they currently have now. The state legislatures chose senators until the 17th Amendment was passed in 1913.

In 1913 senators ceased to become state government's ambassadors to the federal government. Instead they became a more integral part of the federal government as they were more directly chosen by the People.

The manner in which the President was chosen if the electors were not able to decide the choice for this position should have been changed at that time as well. Currently the US Constitution states that if the majority of electors are unable to choose the President, the House of Representatives must choose the President instead. This federal lower house would not choose the President by simple majority balloting. Rather the votes of all Representatives shall be taken per state. Each state shall have one vote. 

Because the Federal Government is now the sovereign governmental authority, this current practice described in the previous paragraph must change. Because Area-Based chosen federal senators are closer to the people after 1913, the majority of the federal upper house legislative body must decide the Presidential election if the Presidential electors fail to do so. 

Those who apply, support, and enforce the law should be selected. Those who make the law should be elected. If federal senators are to contest for office via election, it would be appropriate for that federal body to select the President in case the electors failed to do so. It was never appropriate for the U.S. Senate to do so prior to 1913 since they were selected by the state legislatures.

While it is true that the House of Representatives is closer to the People than the US Senate is as they should be, the fact they would be voting with each of their state receiving one vote does not demonstrate much legitimacy. After all states are no longer sovereign republics which once were quasi-independent. States are rather franchises of the federal government. So why would each state, based on how its members in the House of Representatives voted, cast its sole vote for the President when it has no independence?  

Due to the fact the President is much more involved in administration and much less in lawmaking, the President must be chosen based on an Area Based Democratic Model. That means the US Senate should do the choosing if the electors are not able to do so. The US Senate is less directly connected to the People so they would need to make this choice. 

Cliff Notes Version: Because the U.S. Senate was not an elected body prior to 1913, they did not choose the President if the electors were unable to do so.

Due to the fact the members of the U.S. Senate are now elected and because the Area-Based Democratic Model is used to choose Senators, the U.S. Senate should choose the President. The President engages much more in administration than in lawmaking so his/her position is more based on the Area-Based Democratic Model. The Presidency must be linked less closely to the People so the U.S. Senate, rather than the Population-Based House of Representatives, must choose the President if the electors are unable to do so.

Needed Changes in the 12th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution-Part Two By Harsha Sankar

Since the US Constitution shifted sovereignty from the states to the federal government, the positions of President and Vice-President gained unprecedented authority. The Founding Fathers did not intend both these positions to be as powerful as the 14th Amendment made it to be. However the Lincolnites who won the Civil War had other ideas. They wanted a strong central government as nationalism was sweeping across the Western World.

Correctly or incorrectly, America has become a "Top-Down Society". People focus daily on the activities of the President. Due to this, the President and Vice-President should not run on the same ticket. They should be selected by a different set of electors and their electors should be chosen in a different manner. Otherwise too much centralization of authority will be placed on one ticket if the President and Vice-President run together. 

Cliff Notes Version: The Civil War shifted sovereignty from the State governments to the Federal Government. Therefore the President and Vice-President should not be on the same ticket. They should have different electors and their electors should be chosen differently.

Needed Changes in the 12th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution-Part One By Harsha Sankar

Needed Changes in the 12th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution-Part One   By Harsha Sankar


The US Constitution is not a perfect document. It is in need of minor changes. The 12th Amendment for example needs to be changed.

The fundamental reason for the change is simple. When the US Constitution was written, the States were sovereign Republics. After the 14th Amendment was passed in the aftermath of the Civil War, the States and their governments were converted into franchises of the USA and the federal government. The united States of America became the United States of America as people became federal citizens.

Correctly or incorrectly, this is the type of governance the American People accepted. In America, there is so much emphasis in the happenings of the White House and Congress because America became a "Top-Down Society" after the Civil War. In other nations, such as India, it is a "Bottom-Up Society" because local politicians wield the most amount of influence.   

Because the federal government is now at least the sovereign governmental authority, the manner of the choosing of Presidential and Vice-Presidential electors should change as well. The states should no longer have the total discretion to make law that governs its choosing. Instead the federal government needs to pass laws that governs how these electors are chosen. The US Constitution needs to be changed to reflect that. 

Cliff Notes Version: Governance fundamentally changed after the American Civil War. The federal government gained supremacy in regards to governmental authority. People were no longer citizens of the state but rather they became citizens of the nation. The uSA became the USA after the 14th Amendment was passed in 1868.

The original American Constitution cited that state legislatures were to pass laws that govern the choosing of presidential and vice-presidential electors. Since that document was fundamentally changed after the Civil War, the federal government should be given the authority to pass laws that govern the choosing of these electors instead.